Paper size

Many paper size standards conventions have existed at different occasions as well as in different countries. Today, the A and B number of ISO 216, including the generally used A4 size, would be the worldwide standard utilized by nearly every country. However, in certain countries within the Americas plus the Philippines, its northern border American number of paper sizes for example ‘Letter’ and ‘Legal’ is much more prevalent.

Paper sizes affect writing paper, stationery, cards, and a few printed documents. The worldwide standard for envelopes may be the C number of ISO 269.

The worldwide paper size standard is ISO 216. It is dependent on the German DIN 476 standard for paper sizes. ISO paper sizes are with different single aspect ratio from the square cause of 2, or roughly 1:1.4142. There are various series, in addition to several extensions.

The next worldwide paper sizes are incorporated in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): A3, A4, A5, B4, B5.

The bottom A0 size paper is understood to be getting a place of 1 m2 along with a dimension ratio of just one to √2, making the A0 paper size exactly m ×  m. Rounded towards the nearest millimeter, that’s 841 by 1,189 millimeters (33.1 in × 46.8 in).

Successive paper sizes within the series A1, A2, A3, and so on, are based on halving the preceding paper size over the bigger dimension. This effectively halves the region of every sheet. Probably the most commonly used paper dimensions are A4 calculating 210 × 297 mm (8.27 in × 11.69 in).

The functional benefit of this technique is its scaling: if your sheet by having an aspect ratio of √2 is split into two equal halves parallel to the shortest sides, then your halves will again come with an aspect ratio of √2. Folded brochures associated with a size can be created by utilizing sheets from the next bigger size, e.g. A4 sheets are folded to create A5 brochures. The machine enables scaling without compromising the aspect ratio in one size to another—as supplied by office photocopiers, e.g. enlarging A4 to A3 or reducing A3 to A4. Similarly, two sheets of A4 could be scaled lower and fit exactly on a single sheet with no cutoff or margins.

The behavior from the aspect ratio is definitely proven: on the piece of paper, let a function as the lengthy side and b function as the short side:

by rearranging the terms, we obtain:

Therefore, the aspect ratio is preserved for that new size of the folded paper.

Weights are simple to calculate too: a typical A4 sheet produced from 80 g/m2 paper weighs 5 g (because it is ​1⁄16 of the A0 page, calculating 1 m2), allowing someone to easily compute the weight—and connected postage rate—by counting the amount of sheets used.

The benefits of basing a paper size upon an element ratio of √2 were first noted in 1786 through the German researcher and philosopher Georg Christoph Lichtenberg. The formats that grew to become A2, A3, B3, B4 and B5 were coded in France on proposition from the math wizard Lazare Carnot and printed for judiciary purpose in 1798 throughout the French Revolution. At the start of the twentieth century, Dr Walter Porstmann switched Lichtenberg’s idea right into a proper system of various paper sizes. Porstmann’s system was introduced like a DIN standard (DIN 476) in Germany in 1922, replacing an enormous number of other paper formats. To this day, the paper sizes are known as “DIN A4” (IPA: [diːn.ʔaː.fiːɐ̯]) in everyday use within Germany and Austria.

The DIN 476 standard spread rapidly abroad. Prior to the outbreak of The Second World War, it absolutely was adopted through the following countries:

During The Second World War, the conventional was utilized by Uruguay (1942), Argentina (1943) and South America (1943), and later on spread abroad:

By 1975, a lot of countries were while using German system it had become established being an ISO standard, along with the official Un document format. By 1977, A4 was the conventional letter format in 88 of 148 countries. Today the conventional continues to be adopted by all countries on the planet except the U . s . States and Canada. In Mexico, Panama And Nicaragua ,, Colombia, Venezuela, Chile, and also the Philippines, the united states letter format continues to be in keeping use, despite their official adoption from the ISO standard.

The B series paper sizes are less frequent compared to A set. The region of B series sheets may be the geometric mean of successive A set sheets. B1 is between A0 and A1 in dimensions, by having an section of .707 m2 (​1⁄√2 m2). Consequently, B0 is 1 metre wide, along with other sizes from the series really are a half, one fourth or further fractions of the meter wide. While less frequent at work use, it’s used for various special applications. Many posters use B-series paper or perhaps a close approximation, for example 50 cm × 70 cm B5 is really a relatively common option for books. The B series can also be employed for envelopes and passports. The B-series is broadly utilized in the printing industry to explain both paper sizes and printing press sizes, including digital presses. B3 paper can be used to print two US letter or A4 pages alongside using imposition four pages could be printed on B2, eight on B1, etc.

The C series is determined in ISO 269, and it is usually employed for envelopes. The region of C series sheets may be the geometric mean from the regions of the A and B series sheets of the identical number for example, the region of the C4 sheet may be the geometric mean from the regions of an A4 sheet along with a B4 sheet. Which means that C4 is slightly bigger than A4, and slightly smaller sized than B4. The sensible use of this really is that the letter written on A4 paper fits in the C4 envelope, and both A4 and C4 paper fits in the B4 envelope.

Some envelope formats with mixed sides from adjacent sizes (and therefore approximately aspect ratio of two:1) will also be defined in national adaptations from the ISO standard, e.g. DIN C6/C5 is 114 mm × 229 mm in which the common side to C5 and C6 is 162 mm.

The a variables would be the distinct first terms within the three geometric progressions of the identical common-ratio comparable to the square cause of two. Each one of the three geometric progressions (akin to the 3 series A, B, C) is created by all possible paper dimensions (width and length) from the series arranged inside a decreasing order. This interesting arrangement of dimensions can also be very helpful – not just it forms a geometrical progression with memorable formulae, additionally, it has that every consecutive set of values (just like a sliding window of size 2) will instantly match the length of a typical paper format within the series.

The tolerances specified by the conventional are

The German standard DIN 476 was printed on 18 August 1922 and it is the initial specs from the A, B and C sizes. In 1991, it had been split up into DIN 476-1 for that A and B formats and 476-2 for that C series. The previous continues to be withdrawn in 2002 in support of following a worldwide standard as DIN EN ISO 216, but part 2 continues to be retained and it was last updated in 2008.

The foremost and the 2nd editions of DIN 476 from 1922 and 1925 also incorporated a D series.

The tiniest formats specified initially were A13 and B13, that have been reduced to x10 within the 1930 edition, in addition to C8 and D8 C9 and C10 happen to be put in the 1976 revision for compatibility with photography sizes: C8 carefully matches 6×9 photos, C9 and C10 carefully match 7×7 and 5×5 slides, correspondingly.

DIN 476 offers formats bigger than A0, denoted with a prefix factor. Particularly, it lists the formats 2A0 and 4A0, that are two times and 4 occasions how big A0 correspondingly.

However, ISO 216:2007 notes 2A0 and 4A0 within the table of Primary number of trimmed sizes (ISO A set) too: “The rarely used sizes [2A0 and 4A0] which follow also fit in with this series.”

DIN 476 also accustomed to specify slightly tighter tolerances than ISO 216:

The Swedish standard SIS 01 47 11 generalized the ISO system of the, B, and C formats with the addition of D, E, F, and G formats into it. Its D format sits from a B format and subsequently bigger A format (much like C sits from a and subsequently bigger B). The rest of the formats easily fit in between each one of these formats, so that the succession of formats A4, E4, C4, G4, B4, F4, D4, *H4, A3 is really a geometric progression, where the dimensions grow with a factor 16√2 in one size to another. However, this SIS standard doesn’t define any size from a D format and subsequently bigger A format (known as *H in the last example).

Of those additional formats, G5 (169 × 239 mm) and E5 (155 × 220 mm) are famous Norway and also the Netherlands for printing dissertations, however the other formats haven’t switched to be particularly helpful used. They haven’t yet been adopted worldwide and also the Swedish standard continues to be withdrawn.

The Swedish and German D series essentially retain the same sizes, but they are offset by one, i.e. DIN D4 equals SIS D5 and so forth.

The JIS defines two primary number of paper sizes. The JIS A-series is like the ISO A-series, however with slightly different tolerances. The region of B-series paper is 1.5 occasions those of the related A-paper (rather from the factor √2 = 1.414… for that ISO B-series), therefore the length ratio is roughly 1.22 occasions the size of the related A-series paper. The aspect ratio from the paper is equivalent to for any-series paper. Both A- and B-series paper is broadly obtainable in Japan, Taiwan and China, and many photocopiers consist of a minimum of A4 and both of A3, B4 and B5 paper.

There’s also numerous traditional paper sizes, that are now used mostly by printers. The most typical of those old series would be the Shiroku-ban and also the Kiku paper sizes.

Following Japanese paper sizes are incorporated in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): JIS-B4, JIS-B5.

China standard GB/T 148-1997, which replaced GB 148-1989, documents the conventional ISO series, A and B, but adds a custom D series. This Chinese format arises from the Republic of China (1912-1949). The D series isn’t like the Swedish D series. It doesn’t strictly stick to the same concepts as ISO paper sizes: The aspect ratio is just very roughly √2. Rapid side of the dimensions are always 4 mm more than the lengthy side from the next smaller sized size. The lengthy side of the dimensions are always exactly – i.e. without further rounding – two times as lengthy because the short side from the next smaller sized size.

The very first standard of paper size within the Ussr was OST 303 in 1926. Six years later, it had been substituted with OST 5115 which usually adopted DIN 476 concepts, but used Cyrillic lowercase letters rather of Latin uppercase, had the 2nd row shifted to ensure that B0 (B0) roughly corresponded to B1 and, more to the point, had slightly various sizes:

The overall adaptation of ISO 216 within the Ussr, which replaced OST 5115, was GOST 9327. In the 1960 version, it lists formats lower to A13, B12 and C8 as well as specifies ½, ¼ and ⅛ prefixes for halving the shorter side (frequently) for stripe formats, e.g. ½A4 = 105 mm × 297 mm.

A typical for technical sketches from 1960, GOST 3450, introduces alternative number format designations to cope with high or very wide sheets.

These 2-digit codes are based on A4 = “11”: The very first digit may be the factor the more side (297 mm) is multiplied by and also the second digit may be the one for that shorter side (210 mm), so “24” is 2×297 mm × 4×210 mm = 594 mm × 840 mm.

GOST 3450 from 1960 was substituted with ESKD GOST 2301 in 1968, however the number designations continued to be in popular use considerably longer.

The brand new designations weren’t purely number, but contained the ISO label adopted by an ‘x’, or even the multiplication sign ‘×’, and also the factor, e.g. DIN 2A0 = GOST A0×2, but DIN 4A0 ≠ GOST A0×4, also listed are: A0×3, A1×3, A1×4, A2×3-A2×5, A3×3-A3×7, A4×3-A4×9. The formats …×1 and …×2 usually could be aliases for existing formats.

DL is a very common envelope size from DIN 678-1 frequently with 90 mm × 45 mm address window within the lower left, that also fits ​1⁄3A4 well.

Sometimes, it’s erroneously labeled “DLE” rather, the E apparently meaning “envelope”.

ISO 5457 specifies drawing paper sizes having a trimmed size comparable to the A set sizes from A4 upward. The untrimmed sizes are 3 to 4 cm bigger and rounded towards the nearest centimeter. A0 through A3 are utilized in landscape orientation, while A4 can be used in portrait orientation. Designations for preprinted drawing paper range from the base sizes along with a suffix, either T for trimmed or U for untrimmed sheets.

A transitional size known as PA4 (210 mm × 280 mm or 8.27 in × 11.02 in), sometimes dubbed L4, was suggested for inclusion in to the ISO 216 standard in 1975. Her height of Canadian P4 paper (215 mm × 280 mm, about ​8 1⁄2 in × 11 in) and also the width of worldwide A4 paper (210 mm × 297 mm or 8.27 in × 11.69 in), i.e. it uses the smaller sized value one of the two for every side. The table below, shows how this format could be generalized into a whole format series.

The PA formats didn’t finish in ISO 216, since the committee made the decision the group of standardized paper formats ought to be stored towards the minimum necessary. However, PA4 remains of practical use today. In landscape orientation, her same 4:3 aspect ratio because the displays of traditional Televisions, some computer displays (e.g. iPad) and knowledge projectors. PA4, with appropriate margins, thus remains the ideal choice because the format of presentation slides.

Like a compromise backward and forward most widely used paper sizes globally, PA4 can be used today by many people worldwide magazines, because it may be printed easily on equipment created for either A4 or US Letter. Which makes it much less a paper size than the usual page format.

The dimensions 210 mm × 280 mm was documented within the Canadian standard CAN2-200.2-M79 “Common Image Position for Paper Sizes P4 and A4”.

A non-standard F4 paper dimensions are common in Southeast Asia. It’s a transitional size using the shorter side from ISO A4 (210 mm, ​8 1⁄4 inch) and also the longer side from British Foolscap (13 inch, 330 mm) and it is commonly known as as (metric) foolscap or folio too. It’s exactly ​1⁄9, i.e. 33 mm, more than A4 or, on the other hand, A4 is precisely 90% the peak of F4.

In Indonesia and also the Philippines, “F4” paper is slightly broader: 215 × 330 mm, i.e. essentially Foolscap 8.5 × 13 in. In Indonesia frequently it’s known as folio, during Philippines frequently it’s also known as lengthy bond.

A sheet of F4 could be cut from the sheet of SRA4 with hardly any wastage. The dimensions can also be smaller sized than its Swedish equivalent SIS F4 at 239 mm × 338 mm.

Even though the movement is for the worldwide standard metric paper sizes, in route there in the traditional ones there’s been a minumum of one new size somewhat bigger than that used worldwide.British architects and industrial designers once used a size known as “Antiquarian”, 31 in × 53 in (787 mm × 1,346 mm), as in the above list, but succumbed the brand new Metric Guide (Tutt & Adler 1981) as 813 mm × 1,372 mm (32 in × 54 in) for board size. This can be a little bigger than ISO A0, 841 mm × 1189 mm. So for a short while, a size known as A0a of just one,000 mm × 1,370 mm (39.4 in × 53.9 in) was utilized in great britan, that is really only a slightly shorter form of ISO B0 at 1414 mm.

The most typical paper sizes employed for industrial and commercial printing in Colombia are based on a size known as pliego that’s ISO B1 (707 mm × 1000 mm) cut to full decimeters. Smaller sized sizes are derived by halving as always and merely obtain a vulgar fraction prefix: ​1⁄2 pliego and ​1⁄4 pliego.

The U . s . States, Canada, and also the Philippines mainly make use of a different system of paper sizes from all of those other world. The present standard sizes are unique to individuals countries, although because of the size its northern border American market and proliferation of both software and printing hardware in the region, other areas around the globe have grown to be more and more acquainted with these sizes (though not always the paper itself). Some traditional United States inch-based sizes vary from the Imperial British sizes described below.

Letter, Legal and Ledger/Tabloid are probably the most generally used of those for everyday activity, and also the only ones incorporated in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

The origins from the exact size of Letter size paper (8 1⁄2 in × 11 in or 216 mm × 279 mm) are lost in tradition and never extensively recorded. The American Forest and Paper Association argues the dimension arises from the times of manual paper making, which the 11-inch entire page is all about one fourth of “the typical maximum stretch of the experienced vatman’s arms.” However, this doesn’t explain the width or aspect ratio.

Outdoors of The United States, Letter size can also be referred to as “American Quarto”. If a person accepts some trimming, the dimensions is definitely a quarter from the old Imperial paper size referred to as Demy, 17 1⁄2 in × 22 1⁄2 in (444 mm × 572 mm). A dual demy is 572 by 902 millimeters (22.5 in × 35.5 in).

US paper sizes are presently standard within the U . s . States and therefore are probably the most generally used formats a minimum of within the Philippines, the majority of Meso-america and Chile. The second use US Letter, however their Legal dimensions are 1 inch shorter than its US equivalent.

Mexico and Colombia, for example, now utilize the ISO standard, but US Letter format remains the system being used through the country. It’s virtually impossible to come across ISO standard papers in day-to-day uses, with Carta (Letter), Oficio (Government-Legal) and Doble carta (Ledger/Tabloid) being nearly universal.

In Canada, US paper sizes really are a de facto standard. The federal government, however, also uses ISO paper sizes.

There’s yet another paper size, 8 in × 10 1⁄2 in (203 mm × 267 mm), that the name Government-Letter was handed through the IEEE Printer Working Group (PWG). It had been prescribed by Herbert Hoover as he was Secretary of Commerce for use for all of us government forms, apparently to allow discounts from purchasing paper for schools, but much more likely because of the standard utilization of trimming books (after binding) and paper in the standard letter size paper to create consistency and permit “bleed” printing. Later in life, as photocopy machines proliferated, citizens desired to make photocopies from the forms, however the machines didn’t have this size paper within their bins. Taxation therefore had the federal government change to regular Letter size, that is both one-half inch longer and wider. The previous government dimensions are still generally utilized in spiral-bound notebooks, for children’s writing and so on, a direct result trimming in the current Letter dimensions.

By extension from the American standards, the halved Letter size, 5 1⁄2 in × 8 1⁄2 in (140 mm × 216 mm), meets the requirements of many applications. It’s variably referred to as Statement, Stationery, Memo, Half Letter, Half A (from ANSI sizes) or just Half Size. Such as the similar-sized ISO A5, it’s employed for from personal letter contacting official aeronautical maps. Organizers, notepads, and diaries also frequently make use of this size paper thus 3-ring binders can be found in this size. Booklets of the size are produced using word processing tools with landscape printing in 2 posts on letter paper that are then cut or folded in to the final size.

Strangely enough, a feet-lengthy sheet using the common width of Letter and (Government) Legal, i.e. 12 in × 8 1⁄2 in (305 mm × 216 mm), might have an element ratio not far from the square cause of two as utilized by worldwide paper sizes and would really almost exactly match ISO RA4 (305 mm × 215 mm).

In 1996, the American National Standards Institute adopted ANSI/ASME Y14.1 which defined a normal number of paper sizes based on the de facto standard 8 1⁄2 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) Letter size so it assigned “ANSI A”, meant for technical sketches, hence sometimes labeled “Engineering”. These acer notebooks somewhat like the ISO standard for the reason that cutting a sheet in two would produce two sheets from the next smaller sized size and for that reason includes Ledger/Tabloid as “ANSI B”. Unlike the ISO standard, however, the arbitrary base sides forces this series to possess two alternating aspect ratios. For instance, ANSI A is less elongated than A4, while ANSI B is much more elongated than A3.

The Canadian standard CAN2-9.60-M76 and it is successor CAN/CGSB-9.60-94 “Paper Sizes for Correspondence” specified paper sizes P1 through P6, what are ANSI paper sizes rounded towards the nearest 5 mm. All custom Canadian paper size standards were withdrawn this year and also the particular ISO standards required their places.

Carefully, documents could be prepared so the text and pictures fit on either ANSI or their equivalent ISO sheets at 1:1 reproduction scale.

Other, informal, bigger sizes ongoing the alphabetic series highlighted above exist, but they’re not area of the series by itself, as they do not exhibit exactly the same aspect ratios. For instance, Engineering F dimensions are 28 in × 40 in or 711 mm × 1,016 mm with ca. 1.4286:1 it’s generally needed for NAVFAC sketches, but is usually less generally used. Engineering G dimensions are 22 1⁄2 in (572 mm) high, but it’s a roll format having a variable width as much as 90 in (2,286 mm) in increments of 8 1⁄2 in (216 mm). Engineering H through N sizes will also be roll formats.

Such huge sheets were previously employed for full-scale layouts of aircraft parts, automotive parts, wiring harnesses and so on, but they are gradually being eliminated, because of prevalent utilization of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Some visual arts fields also continue using these paper formats for big-scale printouts, for example for displaying digitally colored character renderings at existence-size as references for makeup artists and costume designers, in order to offer an immersive landscape reference.

Additionally somewhere as in the above list, there’s a corresponding number of paper sizes employed for architectural purposes defined within the same standard, ANSI/ASME Y14.1, that is usually abbreviated “Arch”. This series also shares the home that bisecting each size produces two size below, with alternating aspect ratios. It might be liked by United States architects since the aspect ratios (4:3 and three:2) are ratios of small integers, unlike their ANSI (or ISO) counterparts. In addition, the aspect ratio 4:3 matches the standard aspect ratio for computer displays.

The dimensions Arch E1 includes a different aspect ratio since it stems from adding 6 inches to every side of Arch D or subtracting exactly the same amount from Arch E. Medium difficulty size between Arch C and D having a lengthy side of 30 inches (760 mm) doesn’t exist.

The sizes in the above list are suitable for paper offered loose in reams. There are lots of sizes of tablets of paper, that’s, pieces of paper bound at one edge, usually with a strip of plastic or hardened PVA adhesive. Frequently there’s a pad of card board (also referred to as paperboard or greyboard) at the end from the stack. This type of tablet works as a portable writing surface, and also the sheets frequently have lines printed in it, usually in non-repro blue, to create writing inside a line simpler. A mature way of binding is to achieve the sheets stapled towards the card board along the top tablet there’s a type of perforated holes across every page just beneath the very best edge that any page might be torn off. Lastly, a pad of sheets each weakly tied to adhesive towards the sheet below, trademarked as “Publish-It” or “Stick-Em” and available in assorted sizes, function as a kind of tablet.

“Letter pads” are 8 1⁄2 by 11 inches (215.9 by 279.4 mm), as the term “legal pad” is frequently utilized by laymen to consult pads of numerous sizes including individuals of 8 1⁄2 by 14 inches (215.9 by 355.6 mm). You will find “steno pads” (utilized by stenographers) of 6 by 9 inches (152.4 by 228.6 mm).

In countries in which the ISO sizes are standard, most notebooks and tablets are sized to ISO specifications (for instance, most newsagents around australia stock A4 and A3 tablets).

This means that postcards possess a width:height aspect ratio

within the range 1.18 to at least one.71.

The only real ISO 216 size within the publish card range is A6.

Most industry standards express the direction from the grain last when giving dimensions (that’s, 17 × 11 inches is brief grain paper and 11 × 17 inches is lengthy grain paper), although alternatively the grain alignment could be clearly indicated by having an underline (11 × 17 is brief grain) or even the letter “M” for “machine” (11M × 17 is brief grain). Grain is essential because paper will crack if folded over the grain: for instance, if your sheet 17 × 11 inches will be folded to split the sheet into two 8.5 × 11 halves, then your grain is going to be across the 11-inch side. Paper supposed to have been given right into a machine which will bend the paper around rollers, like a printing press, photocopier or typewriter, ought to be given grain edge first so the axis from the rollers is across the grain.

The demitab or demi-tab (in the French “demi” for half tabloid) is either 5 1⁄2 in × 8 1⁄2 in (140 mm × 216 mm) or 8 in × 10 1⁄2 in (203 mm × 267 mm), i.e. each one quarter a treadmill 1 / 2 of a sheet of 11 in × 17 in (279 mm × 432 mm) tabloid-size paper.

Neither demitab, broadsheet nor tabloid newspapers are always printed in writing calculating exactly its nominal size.

Typically, a variety of sizes were defined for big pieces of paper, and paper sizes were based on the sheet name and the amount of occasions it absolutely was folded. Thus a complete sheet of “royal” paper was 25 × 20 inches, and “royal octavo” was this size folded three occasions, in order to make eight sheets, and it was thus 10 × ​6 1⁄4 inches.

Multiple “royal” sizes were utilized for posters and billboards.

Double royal 25 x 40 inches.

Quad royal 50 x 40 inches.

Imperial sizes were utilized in the Uk and it is territories.

These sizes aren’t so broadly used, because the United kingdom started using ISO sizes.

A number of these sizes were only employed for making books (see bookbinding), or publishing plays (in the past, all of the printed plays of William Shakespeare throughout his lifetime were printed in Quarto), or printing story papers and comics, and many types weren’t offered for ordinary stationery purposes, except for foolscap (that was generally utilized in universities and schools).

Foolscap folio is frequently known simply as “folio” or “foolscap”. Similarly, “quarto” is much more properly “copy draught quarto” and “Nobleman” is definitely an alias for “Foolscap quarto”.

Prior to the adoption from the ISO standard system in 1967, France had its very own paper size system. Some[which?] of those formats continue to be used today, and they’re standardized through the AFNOR. Their names range from watermarks the papers were branded with once they were handcrafted, which remains the situation for several art papers. Additionally they generally appear in double versions in which the tiniest is through multiplied by two, or perhaps in quadruple versions where both measures happen to be bending.

The worldwide card has how big the tiniest rectangle that contains a charge card rounded to full millimeters. However, charge card size, as defined in ISO/IEC 7810, also specifies rounded corners and thickness.

Newspapers possess a separate group of sizes.

Inside a recent trend many newspapers happen to be undergoing what is known “web cut lower”, where the publication is redesigned to print utilizing a narrower (and fewer costly) roll of paper. In extreme examples, some broadsheet papers are as narrow as traditional tabloids.