Fingerprinting is the activity of collecting fingerprint impressions of a person to use in different applications. Originally, this was attained by rolling the palm and fingers in ink and transferring them on fingerprint cards. Better technology in the current era has allowed the use of computer scanners which scan the impressions and store them on computer memory. To have a good understanding of in fingerprinting Dallas is a recommendable place to pay a visit.
There are several ways through which fingerprints can be collected from an individual. Major examples are exemplar, latent, patent, plastic, and electronic recording. Exemplar prints is the name for prints that are collected with full knowledge of the subjects. This happens during situations such as enrolment into a program or when one is arrested and their prints are taken for use in official purposes. This can be done using live scan or ink and paper cards.
In forensic science prints left by accident or chance are referred to as latent prints. Their visibility or clarity at the time of deposition does not matter. Such deposition may be caused by sweaty hands or contaminants such as ink, motor oil, blood, or paint among others. Employment of electronic, chemical, and physical processing techniques allows for visualization of hidden print residues.
Latent prints may be incomplete only showing a small portion of the entire pattern. In most cases they are smudged, overlapped with others, and distorted. The lack of content, undistorted information, and clarity makes them to be considered an unreliable source of comparison like those acquired under controlled environments. The pattern type such as loop, arch, and whorl may however be clearly visible.
Plastic and patent prints have some resemblance because they both involve leaving impressions in foreign substances that are able to retain the patterns on the hands. Wet clay and flour are some of major examples of such substances. The need to use processing techniques to derive prints is eliminated because they are normally visible and sufficiently clear. Photographs are always sufficient. Electronic recording becomes handy in determining matches from photographs.
The main reason for fingerprinting is identification also known as dactyloscopy. Dactyloscopy capitalizes on the fact that not two fingerprints from two individuals can be exactly the same in all aspects. Sometimes the impressions recorded from the same person may have some slight differences. The process is done by an expert who is restricted by several rules for declaring two prints as from the same individual.
Skin pliability, surface material, roughness of surfaces, slippage, and deposition pressure are some of the factors that affect fingerprinting. These factors cause adverse effects on how friction ridge deposition occurs. This is the reason behind the extensive and intensive training that professionals who examine prints undergo. Fingerprints are scientifically studied under a field called dermatoglyphics.
Validity of evidence based on fingerprints has always been criticized a lot. Academics, media, and judges have always challenged eligibility of this method. This has rendered it a controversial field despite it having very low chances of error.
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